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Q.1. National Post Day is celebrated in India every year on which date?
राष्ट्रीयडाकदिवसहरसालभारतमेंकिसतिथिकोमनायाजाताहै?
(a) 8 October
(b) 9 October
(c) 10 October
(d) 11 October
(e) 12 October
Answer & Explanation
Ans.1.(c)
Exp. 10 October – National Post Day
National Post Day is celebrated every year on 10th October to honour the vital role of the Indian Postal Department in connecting the nation.
The day aims to raise awareness about the importance of postal services in communication, financial inclusion, and e-commerce delivery.
It is organised by the Department of Posts (India Post) under the Ministry of Communications.
India Post, one of the world’s largest postal networks, was established in 1854 and continues to serve even the remotest areas of the country.
Q.2. World Mental Health Day is observed every year on 10th October to raise global awareness about mental health issues and mobilise efforts to support mental well-being. What is the theme for World Mental Health Day 2025?
(a) Access to Services: Mental Health in Catastrophes and Emergencies
(b) Make Mental Health a Global Priority
(c) Mental Health in the Workplace
(d) Together for Mental Wellness
(e) Mental Health for All
Answer & Explanation
Ans.2.(a)
Exp. 10 October – World Mental Health Day
World Mental Health Day is observed every year on 10th October to raise global awareness about mental health issues and mobilize efforts to support mental well-being.
Theme 2025 – Access to Services: Mental Health in Catastrophes and Emergencies
It was first celebrated in 1992 at the initiative of the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH).
The day is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and focuses on promoting understanding, reducing stigma, and improving mental health care worldwide.
Q.3. Who has been appointed as the Executive Director (ED) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)?
Exp. Sanjay Kumar Hansda Appointed as Executive Director of RBI
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Sanjay Kumar Hansda as Executive Director (ED) with effect from March 3, 2025.
He returned to RBI on October 6, 2025, after completing his deputation as Senior Advisor to the Executive Director (India) at the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
As Executive Director, Hansda will oversee the Department of Economic and Policy Research; he holds a postgraduate degree in Economics from JNU and a diploma in Financial Services Management from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute, Mumbai.
Recent Appointments in Banking & Insurance Sector
MD & CEO of Karnataka Bank – Raghavendra Srinivas Bhat; (reappointment for 1 month)
MD & CEO of Union Bank of India – Asheesh Pandey; for 3 years
MD & CEO of Central Bank of India – Kalyan Kumar;for 3 years
Deputy Governor of RBI – Shirish Chandra Murmu (replace M. Rajeshwar Rao); for 3 Years
Chairman of Piramal Finance – Anand Piramal
Q.4. Who made history by becoming the first-ever Indian winner of the prestigious Mrs Universe 2025 pageant, held in Manila, Philippines, outshining 120 international delegates with her poise, eloquence, and advocacy for women’s empowerment and mental health awareness?
Exp. Sherry Singh Makes History as First Indian to Win Mrs Universe 2025
Sherry Singh made history by becoming the first Indian to win Mrs Universe 2025, at the 48th edition held in Okada, Manila, Philippines, with 120 international delegates competing.
She represented India after being crowned Mrs India 2025 by UMB Pageants, impressing judges with her poise, eloquence, and advocacy for women’s empowerment and mental health awareness.
The final results were: Winner – India (Sherry Singh), 1st Runner-up – Saint Petersburg, 2nd Runner-up – Philippines, 3rd Runner-up – Asia, and 4th Runner-up – Russia.
Recent Awards
Hombale Samhita Harinikumar Krishi Media Award 2025 – Mysuru Journalist Amshi Prasannakumar (for his contribution to agricultural reporting)
Tourism Wins Global Tourism Award 2025 – Andhra Pradesh (for Visionary Initiatives and Investment Milestones)
Exp. Om Birla Leads Indian Delegation to 68th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference in Barbados
Lok Sabha Speaker Shri Om Birla led the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to Bridgetown, Barbados, for the 68th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference (CPC) held from October 5–12, 2025, participating in the opening ceremony and representing India on a global parliamentary platform.
As part of the conference, Shri Birla chaired a workshop on “Leveraging Technology: Enhancing Democracy through Digital Transformations and Tackling the Digital Divide”, and addressed the General Assembly on “The Commonwealth: A Global Partner”, highlighting India’s commitment to democratic values, inclusive governance, and parliamentary cooperation.
The Indian delegation, including 36 Presiding Officers from 24 State/UT Legislatures, actively participated in seven thematic workshops and bilateral meetings with counterparts from other Commonwealth nations, strengthening parliamentary diplomacy, global cooperation, and capacity building.
Q.6. The Government will launch Tobacco Free Youth Campaign 3.0 (TFYC 3.0) to promote tobacco-free learning environments and safeguard student health nationwide. Which two ministries are jointly leading the TFYC 3.0 initiative?
(a) Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
(b) Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
(c) Ministry of Youth Affairs and Ministry of Education
(d) Ministry of Education and Ministry of Sports
(e) Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and Ministry of Youth Affairs
Answer & Explanation
Ans.6.(b)
Exp. Government to Launch Tobacco Free Youth Campaign 3.0 to Promote Healthy, Tobacco-Free Learning Environments
The Government will launch Tobacco Free Youth Campaign 3.0 (TFYC 3.0), jointly led by the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, to promote tobacco-free learning environments and safeguard student health nationwide.
Tobacco use remains a serious public health challenge in India, claiming over 13 lakh lives annually, with 8.4% of students aged 13–15 years using tobacco, highlighting the importance of youth-focused interventions.
The 60-day campaign will feature awareness drives, tobacco-free campus enforcement, workshops, counselling, community initiatives, and innovative student engagement activities like quizzes, competitions, and educational videos, supporting the vision of Viksit Bharat@2047.
Q.7. Where was the third edition of the International Purple Festival held in 2025?
Exp. Third International Purple Festival Begins in Panaji, Goa
The third edition of the International Purple Festival began in Panaji, Goa, celebrating Persons with Disabilities and promoting empowerment, accessibility, and social integration.
Social Justice and Empowerment Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar praised the Goa government for organizing an international-standard festival and emphasized the importance of integrating Persons with Disabilities into mainstream national growth.
Q.8. Hungarian author Laszlo Krasznahorkai has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature 2025. What is the main reason cited by the Swedish Academy for honoring him with this prestigious award?
(a) For his compelling and visionary literary works amidst apocalyptic themes
(b) For his contributions to political essays and non-fiction works
(c) For writing best-selling romance and adventure novels
(d) For promoting Hungarian folklore and historical literature internationally
(e) For scientific writing and research in literature
Answer & Explanation
Ans.8.(a)
Exp. Hungarian Author Laszlo Krasznahorkai Wins 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for Visionary and Epic Works
Hungarian author Laszlo Krasznahorkai has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”
Krasznahorkai, born in 1954 in Gyula, Hungary, is known for epic, absurdist, and grotesque literature, with his breakthrough novel ‘Satantango’ (1985) set in a remote rural area.
His work ‘Herscht 07769’ has been praised as a great contemporary German novel, accurately depicting social unrest, reflecting his mastery in portraying complex human and societal themes.
The Nobel Prize in Literature, awarded by the Swedish Academy, carries a cash award of 11 million crowns ($1.2 million); it was the fourth Nobel announced this week, after medicine, physics, and chemistry.
Q.9. According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, which tracks the net worth of the world’s richest people based on earnings, investments, and endorsements, which footballer became the first player in history to achieve billionaire status, with a reported net worth of $1.4 billion (£1.04 billion), including earnings from salary, sponsorships, and business ventures?
Exp. Cristiano Ronaldo Becomes Football’s First Billionaire Player with $1.4 Billion Net Worth
Cristiano Ronaldo has become football’s first billionaire player, with a net worth of $1.4 billion (£1.04 billion), according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, which factors in career earnings, investments, and endorsements.
Between 2002 and 2023, Ronaldo earned over $550 million (£410 million) in salary, including a decade-long Nike sponsorship deal worth nearly $18 million (£13.4 million) per year.
After joining Al-Nassr in 2022, Ronaldo became the highest-paid footballer in history, with an annual salary of £177 million, and later signed a new two-year contract worth over $400 million (£298 million), keeping him at the club past his 42nd birthday.
Comparatively, Lionel Messi earned over $600 million (£447 million) in pre-tax salary during his career, with a guaranteed $20 million (£15 million) annual pay since 2023, and is expected to receive a stake in Inter Miami upon retirement.
Q.10. Kolkata has been ranked India’s safest city for the fourth consecutive year according to the NCRB 2023 data, recording the lowest rate of cognizable crimes at 83.9 per lakh population among 19 major metropolitan cities. Which city emerged as the most crime-prone in 2023 according to NCRB?
Exp. Kolkata Declared India’s Safest City for Fourth Consecutive Year, NCRB 2023 Data
Kolkata has been ranked India’s safest city for the fourth consecutive year according to the NCRB 2023 data, recording the lowest rate of cognizable crimes at 83.9 per lakh population among 19 major metropolitan cities.
The total number of cognizable crimes in Kolkata declined from 14,591 in 2021 to 11,843 in 2023, showing a consistent decrease over the years.
Crimes against women also declined, with 1,746 cases in 2023 and a rate of 25.7 per lakh population, making it among the lowest after Chennai (17.3) and Coimbatore (22.7).
Kochi emerged as the most crime-prone city, followed by Delhi and Surat, while serious crimes in Kolkata, including adult and minor rape cases, placed the city 10th among 19 metros.
The top 10 safest cities in India in 2023 are Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, Mumbai, Coimbatore, Chennai, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Bengaluru, and Ahmedabad, whereas the most unsafe cities include Kochi, Delhi, Surat, Jaipur, Patna, Indore, Lucknow, Nagpur, Kozhikode, and Ahmedabad.
Q.11. Which country’s peacekeepers were honoured by UNISFA for their dedicated service in the Abyei region?
Exp. Indian Peacekeepers Honoured by UNISFA for Dedicated Service in Abyei Region
Indian peacekeepers in Abyei were honoured by the Acting Head of Mission of UNISFA for their dedicated service in the oil-rich, contested border region between Sudan and South Sudan.
The Abyei Area holds a special administrative status under the 2004 Abyei Protocol of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), which ended the Second Sudanese Civil War.
India is a major contributor to UN peacekeeping, having sent over 2,90,000 personnel since the 1950s, with over 5,000 troops currently serving in nine active UN missions worldwide.
Q.12. Bajaj Finserv recently acquired the remaining stake of Allianz SE in its joint ventures for general and life insurance, increasing its shareholding from 74% to full ownership. What percentage stake did Bajaj Finserv acquire from Allianz SE to gain 100% control of its insurance businesses?
बजाजफिनसर्वनेहालहीमेंजनरलऔरलाइफइंश्योरेंसकेअपनेसंयुक्तउद्यमोंमें Allianz SE काशेषहिस्साअधिग्रहितकिया, जिससेइसकाहिस्सा 74% सेबढ़करपूर्णस्वामित्वहोगया।अपनेबीमाव्यवसायोंपर 100% नियंत्रणप्राप्तकरनेकेलिएबजाजफिनसर्वने Allianz SE काकितनाप्रतिशतहिस्साखरीदा?
(a) 20%
(b) 26%
(c) 30%
(d) 50%
(e) 74%
Answer & Explanation
Ans.12.(b)
Exp. Bajaj Finserv Rebrands Insurance Ventures as Bajaj General and Bajaj Life after Full Acquisition of Allianz Stake
Bajaj Finserv has officially rebranded its insurance businesses as Bajaj General Insurance and Bajaj Life Insurance after acquiring Allianz SE’s 26% stake, achieving full ownership of its insurance ventures.
The company launched the campaign ‘100% Bajaj. Made in India. Made for India. Made by India,’ emphasizing its commitment to policyholders, business partners, and the future of insurance in India.
The new brand identity reflects core values of trust, customer fairness, transparency, and a strong pledge to support India’s growth trajectory, according to Sanjiv Bajaj, Chairman and MD.
Q.13. According to Forbes’ 2025 ranking of India’s richest individuals, Mukesh Ambani, chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), retained the top spot. What is his estimated net worth, making him a centibillionaire?
Exp. Mukesh Ambani Tops Forbes India Rich List 2025 with $105 Billion Net Worth
Mukesh Ambani has retained the top position on Forbes’ list of India’s 100 richest, with a net worth of $105 billion, while Gautam Adani ranked second with $92 billion, and Savitri Jindal third with $40.2 billion.
JP Morgan valued Reliance Retail at $143 billion and Reliance Jio at $135 billion, noting that RIL’s consumer businesses will drive most of its future earnings growth.
At the 48th AGM, Ambani announced that Reliance achieved record revenue of ₹10.71 lakh crore ($125.3 billion) and aims to transform into a deeptech enterprise focusing on clean energy, genomics, and AI.
The combined wealth of India’s 100 richest fell by 9% to $1 trillion in 2025 due to a weaker rupee and stock market dip, though Ambani also regained the top spot in the Hurun India Rich List 2025 with wealth estimated at $105 billion.
Q.14. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently launched a retail sandbox for its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). What is the main purpose of introducing this sandbox?
(a) To allow fintech firms to build and test innovative solutions using the digital rupee
(b) To introduce a new cryptocurrency for international trade
(c) To replace all paper currency with digital tokens immediately
(d) To regulate private cryptocurrencies in India
(e) To merge all digital payment platforms under one authority
Answer & Explanation
Ans.14.(a)
Exp. RBI Launches Retail Sandbox for Digital Rupee to Boost Fintech Innovation and Tokenised Transactions
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a retail sandbox for its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), enabling fintech companies to develop and test digital currency-based solutions as part of the ongoing pilot.
The retail e-rupee pilot — India’s version of the CBDC — was first launched on December 1, 2022, and currently has around 7 million users participating in the project.
The RBI plans to use the wholesale segment of the CBDC as the foundational layer for this exercise, collaborating with select banks to ensure smoother integration and scalability.
The initiative leverages digital tokenisation, which makes transactions faster, cheaper, and more secure, by converting traditional bank deposits into digital tokens that can be easily transferred or settled across systems.
Q.15. The Union Government recently released how much amount to strengthen Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in West Bengal under the 15th Finance Commission?
Exp. Centre Releases ₹680.71 Crore to Strengthen Panchayati Raj Institutions in West Bengal under 15th Finance Commission
The Union Government released ₹680.71 crore as the first instalment of Untied (Basic) Grants under the 15th Finance Commission for strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in West Bengal for FY 2025–26, covering 3,224 Gram Panchayats, 335 Block Panchayats, and 21 Zilla Parishads.
During FY 2024–25 and 2025–26, a total of ₹4,181.23 crore has been released to West Bengal — including ₹2,082.13 crore as Untied Grants and ₹2,099.10 crore as Tied Grants — to enhance grassroots governance and service delivery.
Untied Grants give Rural Local Bodies flexibility to fund location-specific development like roads, street lighting, digital connectivity, and environmental protection, while Tied Grants focus on sanitation, drinking water, and ODF maintenance.
