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Q.1. In a landmark achievement for Indian ophthalmology, India’s first-ever 3D Flex Aqueous Angiography integrated with iStent technology was successfully performed by which medical institution?
भारतीयनेत्रचिकित्साकेक्षेत्रमेंएकऐतिहासिकउपलब्धिकेरूपमें, 3D फ्लेक्सएक्वियसएंजियोग्राफीको iStent तकनीककेसाथसफलतापूर्वकपहलीबारकिससंस्थानद्वाराकियागया?
(a) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi
(b) Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh
(c) Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
(d) Army Hospital (Research & Referral), Delhi Cantt
(e) Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad
Answer & Explanation
Ans.(d).
Exp. Army Hospital Creates History with India’s First 3D Flex Aqueous Angiography with iStent
India’s first 3D Flex Aqueous Angiography with iStent was successfully performed by the Ophthalmology Department at Army Hospital (Research & Referral), Delhi Cantt, marking a major milestone in glaucoma treatment.
The procedure used a stand-mounted Spectralis imaging system and a 3D operating microscope, enabling real-time visualization of aqueous outflow pathways for highly precise, minimally invasive surgery.
This breakthrough sets a new benchmark in glaucoma care in India, significantly improving surgical accuracy, patient outcomes, and positioning Armed Forces Medical Services among global leaders in ophthalmic innovation.
Q.2. In a major milestone in global precision medicine, which hospital became the first in the world to successfully administer ITVISMA, a one-time gene therapy developed for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare and progressive neuromuscular disorder?
Exp. Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Makes Global History with First Administration of ITVISMA Gene Therapy
Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, has become the first hospital in the world to administer ITVISMA, a one-time gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), marking a significant milestone in precision medicine.
The therapy was administered under the supervision of the Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, after receiving regulatory approval, making the UAE the second country after the United States to authorise this advanced treatment.
Developed by Novartis, ITVISMA targets the genetic root cause of SMA by replacing the defective SMN1 gene, enabling the production of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein.
As a single-dose gene therapy approved for patients aged two years and above, ITVISMA expands access beyond infant-only treatments and offers the potential for sustained motor improvement with reduced long-term treatment dependence.
Q.3. The National Test House (NTH) recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with which organisation to strengthen quality assurance in national highway projects?
Exp. NTH and NHAI Sign MoU to Enhance Quality Assurance in National Highway Projects
National Test House (NTH) has signed an MoU with the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) to strengthen quality control, inspection and third-party testing in national highway and infrastructure projects.
Under the agreement, NTH will be empanelled as a recognised laboratory for NHAI, allowing highway construction and allied work samples to be sent for scientific testing and inspection.
Established in 1912 and functioning under the Department of Consumer Affairs, NTH will also support NHAI through online test requests, digital payments, nodal officer coordination and expert participation in technical committees.
Q.4. As part of a ₹4,666 crore defence procurement programme aimed at enhancing India’s underwater combat capabilities, the Ministry of Defence signed a contract for the procurement and integration of 48 Heavy Weight Torpedoes. These torpedoes are specifically intended to strengthen the operational and strike capability of which class of submarines of the Indian Navy?
Exp. MoD Signs ₹4,666 Crore Defence Contracts for CQB Carbines and Heavy Weight Torpedoes
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed defence procurement contracts worth ₹4,666 crore for the acquisition of Close Quarter Battle (CQB) Carbines and Heavy Weight Torpedoes, in the presence of Defence Secretary Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh at South Block, New Delhi.
This move aligns with the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative, aiming to replace legacy weapon systems and equip Indian soldiers with modern, world-class combat capabilities.
A contract worth around ₹1,896 crore was signed with WASS Submarine Systems S.R.L., Italy, for the procurement and integration of 48 Heavy Weight Torpedoes for the Kalvari Class (P-75) submarines of the Indian Navy, significantly boosting their combat strength.
In FY 2025-26, the MoD has signed capital acquisition contracts worth ₹1,82,492 crore, reflecting a major push towards modernisation of the Indian Armed Forces.
Q.5. The Delhi government has partnered with which institute to launch the AI-based Unified Grievance Redressal System?
Exp. Delhi Govt Partners with IIT Kanpur to Launch AI-Based Unified Grievance Redressal System
The Delhi government, in partnership with IIT Kanpur, will launch an AI-based Unified Grievance Redressal System to ensure faster complaint resolution and real-time monitoring.
The system will integrate multiple grievance portals—including PGMS, LG Listening Post, and the Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System—into a single unified dashboard for smarter analysis and quicker action.
Advanced AI features like semantic search, root cause analysis, automatic grievance routing, and digitisation of complaint documents will enhance efficiency, accuracy, and accountability in handling public grievances.
IIT Kanpur will manage system integration, cybersecurity audits, and portal maintenance, aiming to improve transparency, efficiency, and performance-based evaluation of departments and regions in grievance resolution.
Q.6. Who has been assigned the additional charge of Director General of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)?
Exp. Rakesh Aggarwal Assigned Additional Charge as Interim DG of NIA Following Sadanand Date’s Repatriation
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has assigned the additional charge of NIA Director General to Rakesh Aggarwal following the premature repatriation of the incumbent DG, Sadanand Vasant Date, to his parent cadre.
Rakesh Aggarwal, a 1994-batch Himachal Pradesh cadre IPS officer and current Special Director General of NIA, will hold the interim charge until a regular DG is appointed or further orders are issued.
Q.7. Who has been appointed as the Director General of the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT)?
Exp. Lav Aggarwal Appointed DG of DGFT Amid Key Bureaucratic Reshuffle
Lav Aggarwal has been appointed as Director General of the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet as part of a bureaucratic reshuffle.
Rabindra Kumar Agarwal, currently Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Cooperation, has been appointed as Chairman & Managing Director of the Food Corporation of India (FCI), replacing Ashutosh Agnihotri, who is now Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Srikant Nagulapalli, Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Power, has been appointed as Director General of Hydrocarbons in the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.
Nidhi Pandey, currently Joint Secretary in the Department of Atomic Energy, will now serve as Additional Secretary, Department of Atomic Energy, taking over a key administrative role.
Q.8. Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel recently granted in-principle approval for the establishment of a new research organisation aimed at accelerating artificial intelligence research and development in the state. What is the name of this organisation?
Exp. Gujarat CM Approves Establishment of Indian AI Research Organisation (IAIRO) to Boost AI R&D
Gujarat CM Bhupendra Patel granted in-principle approval for the establishment of the Indian AI Research Organisation (IAIRO) to boost AI research and development in the state.
The facility will be set up as a public-private partnership (PPP) through collaboration between the State government, Central government, and Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance (IPA), with operations based in GIFT City, Gandhinagar, as a Section 8 non-profit entity.
The estimated budget for the first five years is ₹300 crore, equally contributed by the State, Centre, and private partner, with IPA contributing ₹25 crore in 2025–26; the alliance includes 23 leading pharmaceutical companies such as Cipla, Sun Pharma, and Torrent Pharmaceuticals.
IAIRO will function as a multidisciplinary AI hub, focusing on advanced R&D, AI product development, academic-industry-government collaboration, intellectual property creation, capacity building, and policy-oriented research, supporting sectors like healthcare, education, and agriculture.
About Gujarat
Capital- Gandhinagar
Chief Minister- Bhupendra Rajnikant Patel
Governor- Acharya Devvrat
Q.9. Who inaugurated the ₹227 crore redeveloped Batadrava Than, the birthplace of Srimanta Sankardeva, in Assam’s Nagaon district?
Exp. Amit Shah Inaugurates ₹227 Crore Redeveloped Batadrava Than Honouring Srimanta Sankardeva in Assam
Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the ₹227 crore redeveloped Batadrava Than, the birthplace of Vaishnavite saint Srimanta Sankardeva, in Assam’s Nagaon district.
The decision to redevelop the site, named as Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva Abhirbhav Kshetra, was first proposed in the 2021-22 State budget.
The project has been designed not only make the historic site a major tourist attraction but also to reflect the life, ideals, and artistic heritage associated with Mahapurush Sankardeva and the broader cultural traditions of the State.
Q.10. Despite a cumulative reduction of 125 basis points in the RBI’s repo rate during the ongoing easing cycle, the Central Government has continued to keep interest rates unchanged on various small savings schemes such as PPF and Sukanya Samriddhi. For how many consecutive quarters have these interest rates been retained without any revision?
Exp. Government Retains Interest Rates on Small Savings Schemes for 8th Straight Quarter
The government has kept interest rates unchanged for 12 small savings schemes, including PPF and Sukanya Samriddhi, for the March quarter, marking the 8th consecutive quarter with no rate revision.
This decision comes despite a 125 basis points cut in the repo rate by the RBI over the past year, bringing the policy rate down to 5.25% during the ongoing easing cycle.
As per the Department of Economic Affairs, PPF will continue to offer 7.1% interest, while Sukanya Samriddhi accounts will earn 8.2% during the March quarter.
Interest rates for other schemes such as Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (8.2%), NSC (7.7%), Kisan Vikas Patra (7.5%), Savings Deposits (4%), and various time and recurring deposits have also been retained.
Collections from small savings schemes help finance the Centre’s fiscal deficit; the government plans to raise ₹3.43 lakh crore in FY26 from the National Small Savings Fund as it targets reducing the fiscal deficit to 4.4% of GDP.
Saving Schemes Interest rates for January 2026 – March 2026
Post Office Savings Deposit- 4 per cent
Post Office Monthly Income Account- 7.4 percent
1-Year Post Office Time Deposits- 6.9 percent
2-Year Post Office Time Deposits- 7.0 percent
3-Year Post Office Time Deposits- 7.1 percent
5-Year Post Office Time Deposits- 7.5 percent
5-Year Recurring Deposits- 6.7 percent
Senior Citizens Savings Scheme- 8.2 per cent
Sukanya Samriddhi Account- 8.2 per cent
National Saving Certificates (NSC)- 7.7 percent
Kisan Vikas Patra- 7.5 percent (will mature in 115 months)
Public Provident Fund- 7.1 per cent
Q.11. With the objective of strengthening service delivery, transparency, and community ownership in rural drinking water systems, Union Jal Shakti Minister C. R. Patil virtually launched Jal Seva Aankalan. This initiative functions as a Gram Panchayat–led digital self-assessment tool hosted on the Jal Jeevan Mission portal. Jal Seva Aankalan has been launched under which of the following flagship government missions?
Exp. C R Patil Launches ‘Jal Seva Aankalan’ to Boost Community-Led Water Governance under Jal Jeevan Mission
Union Jal Shakti Minister C R Patil virtually launched Jal Seva Aankalan to strengthen service delivery and community ownership under the Jal Jeevan Mission.
Jal Seva Aankalan is a Gram Panchayat-led digital assessment tool available on the Jal Jeevan Mission portal to evaluate drinking water service functionality at the village level.
The initiative is designed as a community-owned self-assessment, reducing dependence on infrequent and costly third-party surveys, with all Har Ghar Jal Gram Panchayats required to complete it by 26 January next year.
The tool will empower Gram Panchayats, strengthen democratic decision-making through Gram Sabhas, ensure transparency, and help identify service delivery gaps early for timely corrective action.
Q.12. According to the RBI’s Trend and Progress of Banking in India for FY25 report, what was the total number of ATMs in the country as of March 31, 2025?
RBI कीट्रेंडएंडप्रोग्रेसऑफबैंकिंगइनइंडिया FY25 रिपोर्टकेअनुसार 31 मार्च 2025 तकदेशमेंकुलएटीएमकीसंख्याकितनीथी?
(a) 2,45,000
(b) 2,48,600
(c) 2,51,057
(d) 2,53,417
(e) 2,56,800
Answer & Explanation
Ans.(c).
Exp. ATM Numbers Decline in FY25 as Digitisation Rises, Bank Branch Network Continues to Expand: RBI Report
According to the RBI’s Trend and Progress of Banking in India for FY25, the total number of ATMs declined moderately to 2,51,057 as of March 31, 2025, primarily due to the increased digitisation of payments, which reduced customer dependence on cash transactions.
Both public and private sector banks reduced their ATM networks, with private banks’ ATMs falling to 77,117 and public sector banks’ ATMs declining to 1,33,544, largely because of the closure of offsite ATMs.
In contrast, independently-run white label ATMs increased to 36,216, while ATM distribution showed that PSBs had a balanced rural–urban spread, whereas private and foreign banks were concentrated in urban and metropolitan areas.
Despite digital alternatives, bank branches continued to expand, rising by 2.8% to 1.64 lakh branches, with PSBs leading new openings, particularly in rural and semi-urban centres, reflecting a continued focus on financial inclusion.
Q.13. Which two institutions signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for Contact Point Verification of informal micro enterprises registered on the Udyam Assist Platform?
Exp. India Post and SIDBI Sign MoU to Verify Informal Micro Enterprises on Udyam Assist Platform
The Department of Posts and SIDBI have signed an MoU to conduct Contact Point Verification (CPV) of informal micro enterprises registered on the Udyam Assist Platform, aiming to enhance data integrity, formalisation, and access to institutional credit.
Under the collaboration, India Post will leverage its nationwide network of over 1.64 lakh post offices and trained field workforce to carry out on-ground, geo-tagged verification of enterprise details using a SIDBI-developed CPV mobile application.
SIDBI, the principal financial institution for MSME development, will provide the digital platform, backend infrastructure, operational guidelines, and training, with the MoU valid for two years (Dec 31, 2025–Dec 30, 2027) and provisions for extension, data security, and compliance.
Q.14. IDFC FIRST Bank has launched “Gaj: Credit Card”, a premium, invitation-only metal credit card exclusively designed for the Bank’s high-net-worth individual (HNI) private banking customers. The design of the Gaj: Credit Card draws inspiration from which cultural symbol in Sanskrit philosophy?
Exp. IDFC FIRST Bank Launches ‘Gaj:’ Invitation-Only Premium Metal Credit Card for HNIs
IDFC FIRST Bank has launched “Gaj: Credit Card”, a premium, invitation-only metal credit card exclusively designed for the Bank’s high-net-worth individual (HNI) private banking customers.
Gaj: Credit Card is the pinnacle of the Ashva–Mayura–Gaj trilogy, drawing inspiration from Sanskrit philosophy, where Gaj (Elephant) symbolises majesty, wisdom, stability, and sovereign power.
The card features a distinctive twin-elephant metal design, crafted to reflect Indian heritage and excellence, positioning it as a premium global offering with a strong cultural identity.
Recent Facilities Launched in Banking & Insurance Sector
Canara Bank Launches ‘Canara ai1Pe’, Unified Next-Gen UPI App for Seamless Digital Payments
South Indian Bank Launches RuPay Contactless ‘SIB Paytag’ NFC Payment Sticker
Bank of Baroda Launches ‘Masterstroke’ Campaign Featuring Sachin Tendulkar to Promote Key Retail Banking Products
PNB Launches Premium ‘Luxura’ RuPay Metal Card
Q.15. Recently, India successfully conducted a salvo launch of two ‘Pralay’ missiles off the Odisha coast during user evaluation trials. The missile is an indigenously developed, solid-propellant, quasi-ballistic surface-to-surface missile with a strike range of 150 km to 500 km. Which organisation is responsible for the development and successful testing of the ‘Pralay’ missile system?
हालहीमें, भारतनेयूज़रइवैल्यूएशनट्रायलकेदौरानओडिशातटसेदो ‘प्रलय’ मिसाइलोंकासफलसैल्वोलॉन्चकिया।यहमिसाइलदेशमेंहीविकसित, सॉलिड–प्रोपेलेंट, क्वासी–बैलिस्टिकसरफेस–टू–सरफेसमिसाइलहैजिसकीस्ट्राइकरेंज 150 km से 500 km है। ‘प्रलय’ मिसाइलसिस्टमकेडेवलपमेंटऔरसफलटेस्टिंगकेलिएकौनसासंगठनज़िम्मेदारहै?
(a) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
(b) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
(c) Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
(d) Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
(e) Indian Ordnance Factories
Answer & Explanation
Ans.(c).
Exp. India Successfully Conducts Salvo Launch of Indigenous ‘Pralay’ Ballistic Missiles off Odisha Coast
India successfully conducted a salvo launch of two indigenously developed ‘Pralay’ missiles off the Odisha coast as part of user evaluation trials.
The test was carried out by DRDO and witnessed by officials from the Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and industry partners involved in development and production.
‘Pralay’ is a surface-to-surface, short-range ballistic missile with a strike range of 150–500 km, capable of carrying multiple warhead types and equipped with advanced guidance systems for high precision.
