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Q.1. The Central Government has appointed three Senior Advocates as Additional Solicitors General (ASGs) to represent the Union of India before the Supreme Court of India. Which of the following is NOT among the newly appointed Additional Solicitors General?
Exp. Government Appoints Three Senior Advocates as Additional Solicitors General for Supreme Court
The Central Government has appointed three Senior Advocates as Additional Solicitors General (ASGs) to represent the Union of India before the Supreme Court of India.
The appointees are Devinder Pal Singh, Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar, and Anil Kaushik, all seasoned legal professionals with extensive litigation experience.
The appointments were approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, and are typically for a three-year tenure or until further notice.
Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar notably brings both parliamentary experience as a former Rajya Sabha member (2018–2024) and legal expertise to his role as ASG
Q.2. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), launched on 25 December 2000, completed 25 years in 2025, emerging as one of India’s most impactful schemes for all-weather rural road connectivity and inclusive development. Under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), which of the following correctly describes the funding pattern?
25 दिसंबर 2000 कोशुरूकीगईप्रधानमंत्रीग्रामसड़कयोजना (PMGSY) ने 2025 में 25 सालपूरेकरलिएहैं, औरयहसभीमौसममेंग्रामीणसड़ककनेक्टिविटीऔरसमावेशीविकासकेलिएभारतकीसबसेप्रभावशालीयोजनाओंमेंसेएकबनकरउभरीहै।प्रधानमंत्रीग्रामसड़कयोजना (PMGSY) केतहत, निम्नलिखितमेंसेकौनसाफंडिंगपैटर्नसहीढंगसेबताताहै?
(a) 70:30 for all States and 100% for UTs
(b) 60:40 for General States, 90:10 for North-Eastern & Himalayan States
(c) 50:50 for all States and UTs
(d) 75:25 for General States and 90:10 for all Special Category States
(e) 100% Central funding for all States
Answer & Explanation
Ans.(b).
Exp. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) completing 25 years in 2025
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), launched on 25 December 2000, completed 25 years in 2025, emerging as one of India’s most impactful schemes for all-weather rural road connectivity and inclusive development.
Since its inception, 8.25 lakh km of rural roads have been sanctioned, of which about 7.88 lakh km (≈95%) have been completed as of December 2025, significantly integrating rural areas with markets and services.
The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development in coordination with State Governments and Union Territories.
PMGSY is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with funding 60:40 for general states, 90:10 for North-Eastern states, Himalayan states, J and K and UTs with legislatures and 100% central funding for UTs without legislatures
The scheme evolved through multiple phases—PMGSY-I (universal access), PMGSY-II (road upgradation), RCPLWEA (LWE areas), PMGSY-III (strategic rural links), and PMGSY-IV (2024-29) targeting last-mile connectivity.
PMGSY-IV aims to connect 25,000 unconnected habitations with 62,500 km of roads, with a total outlay of ₹70,125 crore, focusing on tribal areas, aspirational districts, and remote regions.
Technology-driven governance through platforms like OMMAS, e-MARG, and GPS-enabled monitoring has strengthened transparency, quality assurance, and lifecycle maintenance of rural roads.
PMGSY has delivered strong socio-economic impacts, including improved market access for farmers, better healthcare and education reach, increased rural employment, and enhanced regional equity and national integration.
Q.3. Which of the following airlines have been granted No Objection Certificates (NOCs) by the Ministry of Civil Aviation to enter the Indian aviation market?
Exp. The Ministry of Civil Aviation Grants NOCs to Three New Airlines; Operations Expected in 2026
The Ministry of Civil Aviation has granted No Objection Certificates (NOCs) to three new airlines—Shankh Air, Al Hind Air, and FlyExpress to enter the Indian aviation market.
These approvals mark a significant move to boost competition and diversify India’s domestic airline sector, which has long been dominated by a few major carriers.
Shankh Air has already received its NOC and is preparing to commence commercial operations in early 2026, with plans to connect regional and underserved routes.
Al Hind Air and FlyExpress recently secured their NOCs and are also targeting operational launches in 2026, aiming to enhance connectivity and offer more choices to flyers.
About Ministry of Civil Aviation
Union Minister- Kinjarapu Rammohan Naidu
Constituency- Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh
Minister of State- Murlidhar Kisan Mohol
Constituency- Pune, Maharashtra
Q.4. IIT-Patna inaugurated the PARAM Rudra supercomputer, marking Bihar’s first high-performance computing (HPC) facility. The PARAM Rudra supercomputer at IIT-Patna has been launched under which national initiative?
Exp. Param Rudra Supercomputer Launched at IIT-Patna, Bihar
IIT-Patna inaugurated the PARAM Rudra supercomputer, marking Bihar’s first high-performance computing facility installed under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).
The launch ceremony was presided over by Amitesh Kumar Sinha, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), highlighting the government’s push for advanced research infrastructure.
PARAM Rudra is an indigenously developed supercomputer, operating at high computational capacity and designed to support cutting-edge research across disciplines including AI, data science, quantum computing, material design, and fluid mechanics.
Under the National Supercomputing Mission, 37 supercomputers have already been deployed across India with a combined capacity of 39 petaFLOPS, supporting over 12,000 researchers.
The government plans to add 10 more supercomputers, which will raise India’s total computing capacity to over 100 petaFLOPS in the next phase.
Q.5. Which regulatory body recently imposed a ₹1 crore penalty on Reliance General Insurance Company for violations related to outsourcing of activities, payment of commission, and corporate governance norms?
(c) Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)
(d) Ministry of Finance
(e) Department of Financial Services
Answer & Explanation
Ans.(c).
Exp. IRDAI Imposes ₹1 Crore Penalty on Reliance General Insurance for Regulatory Violations
The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has imposed a ₹1 crore penalty on Reliance General Insurance Company for violations related to outsourcing norms, commission payments, and corporate governance guidelines.
One major violation involved engaging an individual agent of another insurer for advertising and publishing services, which breached regulatory norms governing insurer–agent relationships.
About Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)
Established- In the year 1999 under the IRDA Act, 1999
Headquarters- Hyderabad, Telangana
Type- Statutory body under the Ministry of Finance, Government of India
Current Chairman – Ajay Seth
Q.6. Which company has received RBI’s Certificate of Registration (CoR) to operate as an NBFC?
Exp. Aryaman Finance (India) Ltd Gets RBI Nod to Operate as Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC)
Aryaman Finance (India) Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Aryaman Financial Services Ltd (AFSL), has received a Certificate of Registration (CoR) from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to commence operations as a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC).
AFSL is a Mumbai-based SEBI-registered Category-I merchant banker, engaged in activities such as lead management, syndication of IPOs/FPOs/Rights Issues/QIPs, PIPE deals, VC funding, and other fund-raising activities.
The CoR allows the WOS to operate as a Type II NBFC (Non-Deposit taking – Investment and Credit Company), enabling it to provide credit and investment services without accepting public deposits.
Q.7. Who has been named the captain of India’s U19 cricket team for the ICC Men’s Under-19 World Cup 2026?
Exp. Ayush Mhatre Named India U19 Captain for ICC Men’s World Cup 2026
Ayush Mhatre has been named captain of India’s squad for the ICC Men’s Under-19 World Cup 2026, scheduled in Zimbabwe and Namibia from January 15 to February 6.
Mhatre and vice-captain Vihaan Malhotra will miss the pre-tournament South Africa tour (Jan 3–7) due to wrist injuries, with Vaibhav Sooryavanshi leading the side in their absence.
The India U19 World Cup squad features five-time champions India in Group A alongside New Zealand, USA, and Bangladesh, with the team opening against the USA on January 15 at Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo.
Q.8. Who won the open section of the World Rapid Chess Championship 2025?
Exp. Magnus Carlsen and Aleksandra Goryachkina Clinch World Rapid Chess Championship
Magnus Carlsen and Aleksandra Goryachkina won the World Rapid Chess Championship, with Carlsen taking the open section and Goryachkina triumphing in the women’s section after tie-breaks.
India’s Arjun Erigaisi and Koneru Humpy won bronze in the open and women’s sections, respectively, while other Indian players like B. Savitha Shri (4th), R. Vaishali (5th), and Divya Deshmukh (8th) also performed strongly.
In the open event, Carlsen scored 10.5 points, Vladislav Artemiev was second, and Arjun Erigaisi scored 9.5 points for third place, while other Indian players like Aravindh Chithambaram (16th), Nihal Sarin (19th), and R. Praggnanandhaa (28th) also participated.
Q.9. Brigitte Bardot, who passed away at the age of 91, was a legendary actress from which country?
Exp. French Cinema Icon Brigitte Bardot Dies at 91
French actress Brigitte Bardot, aged 91, has passed away, remembered as a cinema icon who revolutionised 1950s French cinema and became a symbol of sexual liberation.
Bardot acted in nearly 50 films, including the famous “And God Created Woman”, before retiring in 1973 to focus on animal welfare through the Brigitte Bardot Foundation.
While widely celebrated, her later life was marked by controversy, including homophobic slurs and fines for inciting racial hatred, though French leaders like Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen paid tribute to her talent, courage, and cultural impact.
Q.10. Khaleda Zia, Bangladesh’s first female Prime Minister and a key figure in the country’s politics, passed away at the age of 80 after a prolonged illness. Khaleda Zia was associated with which political party?
Exp. Bangladesh’s First Female Prime Minister Khaleda Zia Passes Away at 80
Khaleda Zia, Bangladesh’s first female Prime Minister and a key figure in the country’s politics, passed away at the age of 80 after a prolonged illness, as confirmed by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).
She served as Prime Minister twice—first after winning the 1991 election and again during 2001–2006, with long-standing political rivalry against Sheikh Hasina shaping Bangladesh’s political landscape.
Her death comes ahead of the February parliamentary elections, where the BNP is seen as the frontrunner; her son and party’s acting chairman Tarique Rahman recently returned from 17 years in self-exile and is considered a strong prime ministerial contender.
Q.11. According to the Hurun India Rich List 2025, who emerged as the wealthiest Indian-origin tech executive?
Hurun India Rich List 2025 केअनुसार, सबसेअमीरभारतीय–मूलटेकएक्जीक्यूटिवकौनबनीं?
(a) Sundar Pichai
(b) Satya Nadella
(c) Jayshree Ullal
(d) Parul Tyagi
(e) Nikesh Arora
Answer & Explanation
Ans.(c).
Exp. Hurun India Rich List 2025: Jayshree Ullal Emerges as Wealthiest Indian-Origin Tech Executive
Indian-origin billionaire Jayshree Ullal, CEO and President of Arista Networks, topped the list of wealthiest tech executives of Indian origin, surpassing Sundar Pichai and Satya Nadella.
A British-born Indian-origin leader, Ullal has been heading Arista Networks since 2008; earlier, she worked with Cisco Systems, AMD, and Fairchild Semiconductor, and is based in Santa Clara, California.
She studied at Convent of Jesus & Mary, New Delhi, earned engineering degrees from San Francisco State University and Santa Clara University, and received an Honorary Doctorate in Engineering in 2025.
With a net worth of $5.7 billion, Ullal ranks 713th globally; Arista Networks reported $7 billion revenue in 2024, with her wealth rising steadily amid the AI and software boom.
Q.12. Which institution will host eight disciplines of the World Police & Fire Games 2029?
World Police & Fire Games 2029 कीआठप्रतियोगिताओंकीमेजबानीकौनकरेगा?
(a) Sardar Patel Sports Complex
(b) Gujarat Sports Authority
(c) Rashtriya Raksha University
(d) Indian Olympic Association
(e) Lal Bahadur Shastri Academy
Answer & Explanation
Ans.(c).
Exp. RRU to Host Eight Disciplines of World Police & Fire Games 2029, Marking India’s Hosting Debut
Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU), Gujarat will host eight disciplines of the World Police & Fire Games 2029, marking India’s first time as host of this Olympic-style global event for police and fire service personnel.
The disciplines to be hosted at RRU include Wrist Wrestling, Bench Press, Bodybuilding, Cross Country (10 km), Push-Pull Lifting, Muster, Indoor Rowing, and Darts, leveraging the university’s advanced sports infrastructure.
The biennial World Police & Fire Games attracts thousands of participants; at the 2025 USA edition, over 9,000 athletes competed in 60+ sports, with India winning more than 600 medals.
RRU will also host the 2nd International Olympic Research Conference (IORC) 2026 in Gandhinagar (Jan 27–30), themed “Building a Sustainable Olympic Ecosystem”, featuring a two-day anti-doping workshop in collaboration with NADA.
Q.13. The Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya National Academy of Social Security (PDUNASS) has signed an MoU with which institution to embed ethics in social security administration?
(a) Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration
(b) National Institute of Public Finance and Policy
(c) IC Centre for Governance
(d) Indian Institute of Public Administration
(e) Centre for Policy Research
Answer & Explanation
Ans.(c).
Exp. PDUNASS and IC Centre for Governance Partner to Embed Ethical Leadership in EPFO Administration
The Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya National Academy of Social Security (PDUNASS), the apex training institute of EPFO, signed an MoU with the IC Centre for Governance (ICCfG) in New Delhi to embed ethical leadership in social security administration.
The partnership aims to integrate moral integrity, ethical leadership, and technical expertise among EPFO officers amid ongoing digital and Ease of Living reforms.
The collaboration supports Mission Karmayogi, shifting from rule-based compliance to role-based ethical competence, with emphasis on transparency, accountability, and empathy.
A tiered annual training framework has been introduced, including residential leadership programs for Group ‘A’ officers at ICCfG and citizen-centric conduct training for Group ‘B’ officers at PDUNASS.
Q.14. Bhutan spinner Sonam Yeshey created history by becoming the first bowler to take an eight-wicket haul in a men’s T20 International, setting a new world record. Against which country did Sonam Yeshey achieve his record-breaking eight-wicket haul?
Exp. Bhutan’s Sonam Yeshey Creates History with Record 8-Wicket Haul in Men’s T20 International
Bhutan spinner Sonam Yeshey created history by becoming the first bowler to take an eight-wicket haul in a men’s T20 International, setting a new world record.
The 22-year-old left-arm spinner achieved the feat during the third T20I against Myanmar at Gelephu Mindfulness City, Bhutan, on December 26.
Sonam Yeshey returned sensational figures of 8 wickets for just 7 runs, bowling Myanmar out for 45 while defending Bhutan’s total of 127/9.
Earlier, the best bowling figures in T20Is were 7/8 by Malaysia’s Syazrul Idrus (2023), while only a few bowlers, including Ali Dawood, Colin Ackermann and Taskin Ahmed, have taken seven wickets in T20 matches. [/su_spoiler]
Q.15. Who won the Women’s Singles title at the 87th Senior National Badminton Championships?
Exp. Surya Charishma Tamiri Clinches Women’s Singles Title at 87th Senior National Badminton Championships
Surya Charishma Tamiri won the Women’s Singles title at the 87th Senior National Badminton Championships in Vijayawada, staging a comeback to defeat Tanvi Patri 17-21, 21-12, 21-14.
Rithvik Sanjeevi S clinched the Men’s Singles title defeating Bharat Raghav 21-16, 22-20, while A. Hariharan and Ruban Kumar won the Men’s Doubles 24-22, 21-17.
Former champions Shikha Gautam and Ashwini Bhat K reclaimed the Women’s Doubles title, and Sathwik Reddy K and Radhika Sharma won the Mixed Doubles championship with a 21-9, 21-15 victory.
