JAIIB RBWM Paper-4 Module-A Unit 3: Application of Retail Banking Concept and Distinction between Retail and Corporate/Wholesale Banking

10/02/2023

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JAIIB Paper 4 (RBWM) Module A Unit 3: Application of Retail Banking Concept and Distinction between Retail and Corporate/Wholesale Banking (New Syllabus)

IIBF has released the New Syllabus Exam Pattern for JAIIB Exam 2023. Following the format of the current exam, JAIIB 2023 will have now four papers. The JAIIB Paper 4 (Retail Banking and Wealth Management) includes an important topic called “Application of Retail Banking Concept and Distinction between Retail and Corporate/Wholesale Banking”. Every candidate who are appearing for the JAIIB Certification Examination 2023 must understand each unit included in the syllabus. In this article, we are going to cover all the necessary details of JAIIB Paper 4 (RBWM) Module 1 Retail banking Unit 3: Application of Retail Banking Concept and Distinction between Retail and Corporate/Wholesale Banking Aspirants must go through this article to better understand the topic, Retail Banking Role within the Bank Operations and practice using our Online Mock Test Series to strengthen their knowledge of Banker Customer Relationship. Unit 2: Application of Retail Banking Concept and Distinction between Retail and Corporate/Wholesale Banking

About

The growth of retail banking is attributable to the rapid advances in information technology, the evolving macroeconomic environment, financial market reform, and several micro-level demand and supply side factors. It facilitates the delivery of the right product at the right price at the right place and at the right time.

Today’s retail banking sector is characterized by three basic characteristics:

Multiple products (deposits, loans, cards, insurance, investments, securities, etc.)
Multiple channels of distribution (call centre, branch, internet, mobile banking, kiosk, etc.)
Multiple customer groups (consumer, small business, and corporate). This Unit deals with the various business process structure, product models, business approach, retail liability products, retail assets products, etc., in detail.

Business Process Structure in Retail Banking

Horizontally organized model is a modular structure using different process models for different products offering end to end solutions product wise.
Vertically organized model provides functionality across products with customer data base orientation and centralised customer data base is used across products.
Predominantly horizontally organized model is mostly product oriented with common customer information for some products.
In predominantly vertically organized model, common information is available for most of the products.

Business Approach (Domain Specific) in Retail Banking

The business strategies with regard to the domains targeted are approached in different ways by different banks. The most common approaches are as follows:

Segmented Approach – where branches are classified based on the business potential with regard to retail space and business targeted in these segments of branches only with focused marketing strategies. These branches will be positioned as resource centre branches and will form part of the overall segmentation game plan of the bank. Branches are classified as Resource Centres, Profit Centres, Priority Centres and General Centres to have a clear business focus. This concept is an effective business model for PSBs with large network and useful for focused strategies and already getting implemented in some public sector banks.
Geography based approach – where retail models are built based on geographies.
Classification based approach – where strategies are designed based on the type of branch viz., Rural. Semi Urban. Urban and Metro. This strategy helps in better product structuring for specific types of branches.

Product Models in Retail Banking

Liability Products

Liability products are offered to retail banking customers basically under three spaces – Savings Accounts, Current Accounts and Term Deposit Accounts. Product differentiation among these accounts is best achieved by adding different value propositions.

Retail deposit are stable and constitute core deposits.
They are interest insensitive and less bargaining for additional interest.
They constitute low cost funds for the banks.
Effective customer relationship management with the retail customers build a strong customer base.

Retail Asset Products

Retail asset financing is a major component of retail banking model of banks. In fact retail loans are the backbone of the revenue streams of banks. In any customer expansion strategy, retail loan is packed as the main attraction uniformly by all banks.

Retail banking results in better yield/improved bottom line for a bank.
Retail segment is good revenue for funds deployment.
Consumer loans are presumed to be of lower risk and NPA perception.
Helps economic revival of nation through increased production activity.
Improves lifestyles and fulfils aspirations of the people through affordable credit.
Retail banking involves minimum marketing efforts in a demand-driven economy.

Other Products/Services

Other products and services broadly cover the beyond product facilities tagged to the products and services. These enhance the service experiences of the customers by providing process and delivery efficiencies by additional service tools to the basic products.
One set of these products are Credit Cards, Debit Cards. ATM Cards, Telephone Banking. Mobile Banking, Internet Banking. Depository Service and Broking Services. Distribution of third party products like life and non life policies, mutual funds, retail sale of gold coins, bill payment services, multi city cheques, payment gateway for rail, air

Process Models for Products and Services

Processing of products and services in retail banking is basically approached from three dimensions, the entire processing is done through in house resources, some products processed in house and for some products outsourcing is done for process and the third approach is outsourcing of entire process subject to prescribing process standards.
In PSBs and old private banks the entire process for products and services are done through in house resources but in some banks, process part of some products are outsourced. But generally no outsourcing is done for the process part. In new generation private sector banks, outsourcing is attempted partially for some process areas. In foreign banks, the entire process is outsourced and normally happens through a dedicated back office covering the entire gamut of retail banking services.

Pricing of Products and Services

Banks develop models for pricing of products and services based on certain fundamental parameters. Market dynamics, risk perception, return expectations, tenor/duration, resources position, asset liability management positions and customer profile are some of the variables which are factored into the pricing model by banks. The balancing of these various variables dynamically with changing market dynamics is the key function for good pricing model.
In addition, regulatory advices (both overt and covert) also influence the pricing models. The fundamental concept of costing in pricing has now gelled with the asset liability management practices of banks.

Technology Models in Retail Banking

The technology platform for retail banking plays a major role in the retail banking initiatives of banks. In today’s scenario, technology is the backbone of the process and delivery efficiencies of banks. The technology models basically adopted by banks are In House Models, Outsourced Models, Partially In House and Partially Outsourced Models.
Each model will have advantages and disadvantages and the overall business will be the decider of the effectiveness of the model.

Distinction between Retail and Corporate/Wholesale Banking

Retail Banking and Corporate or Wholesale Banking differ in their basic approach to banking. The major differences between the two segments are discussed as follows:

Retail Banking targets at the individual segment while corporate banking deals mainly with corporate clients.
Retail Banking is a mass market banking model whereas wholesale/corporate banking look at a relatively smaller segment of business/corporate client base as compared to retail segment.
Retail Banking is a B2C approach (Business to Customer) whereas corporate banking is a B2B approach (Business to Business).
The ticket size of loans in retail banking is low whereas the ticket size is high in corporate loans.
Risk is widespread in retail banking as customer base is huge whereas in Corporate Banking, the risk is more as the ticket size is big though customer base is relatively small.
Returns are more in retail banking as the spreads are more for different asset classes in retail. But in corporate banking, the returns will be low as corporates bargain for lower rates due to higher loan amounts.
Monitoring and recovery in retail assets are more laborious because of the larger customer base as compared to corporate banking.
In the liability side also, the cost of deposits is relatively less and mostly go along with the card rates as the ticket size in retail deposits is small. In corporate banking, as the ticket sizes of deposits will be large, the cost of deposits will be high due to pressure from the corporates for higher rates and competitive forces to garner the deposits.
The impact of NPA will be more pronounced in corporate banking than retail banking as the ticket sizes in corporate loans are higher than retail loans.

Module A Unit 3 Application of Retail Banking Concept and Distinction between Retail and Corporate Wholesale Banking PDF