JAIIB RBWM Paper-4 Module-B Unit 3: Credit Scoring

12/02/2023

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JAIIB Paper 4 (RBWM) Module B Unit 3: Credit Scoring (New Syllabus)

IIBF has released the New Syllabus Exam Pattern for JAIIB Exam 2023. Following the format of the current exam, JAIIB 2023 will have now four papers. The JAIIB Paper 4 (Retail Banking and Wealth Management) includes an important topic called “ Credit Scoring”. Every candidate who are appearing for the JAIIB Certification Examination 2023 must understand each unit included in the syllabus. In this article, we are going to cover all the necessary details of JAIIB Paper 4 (RBWM) Module B Retail Products and Recovery Unit 3: Credit Scoring products Aspirants must go through this article to better understand the topic, Important Retail Asset products and practice using our Online Mock Test Series to strengthen their knowledge of Banker Customer Relationship. Unit 3: Credit Scoring

Risk

The types of risks and the triggers for the risk are mentioned below:

Credit Risk – Customer fails to pay
Business Risk – Loosing money due to wrong strategy.
Market Risk – Change in market prices.
Operations Risk – Processing failures and frauds,

Credit Scoring -Concepts

Every borrower seeks the lowest interest rate, every lender the highest. The return a lender seeks factors in, apart from his profit, a premium for the risk he feels he bears of not being paid back. This risk perception is different for different borrowers and, ideally, should be determined from their credit history.

What is a Credit Score?

A credit score takes a ‘snapshot’ of a consumer’s credit report and through advanced analytics turns the information into a 3-digit number representing the amount of risk he brings to a particular transaction. For instance, the Cibil- TransUnion model gives scores ranging from 300 to 900.
The higher the score, the lesser is the risk of the consumer going 91-plus days overdue in the next year. While credit scores are new to India, the US has had them since 1989, when the FICO scores were launched. The lines of credit assessed to arrive at this score would mainly be retail products like home loans, auto loans, personal loans, credit cards and overdrafts.

What’s a Good Credit Score?

Whether a score is good or not will depend on the bank’s internal policy, its customer profile and its risk appetite. Some bank may perceive 700 as a good score and another may not. Thus, in India, different banks will rank different scores as good. Still, any score over 800 will be considered excellent across the board.
But credit score is only an indicative tool for managing risk and its effectiveness depends on the banks’ internal control mechanism. An objective thing like the credit score will not only help the banks to reduce defaults but also make loan disbursing faster, improve operational efficiency and bring costs down.

Credit Scoring Model

CICs typically build scores using three historical data files:

Defaults on previous credit transactions
Payment behavior/ Payment history
Previous searches/inquiries

Managing the Credit Score

We have studied about the two important determinants of the credit scoring by banks. But to effectively manage the credit score, the following points are very important.

Credit Utilization: Effective credit utilisation is a very important step in individual’s credit score. If your safe limit is Rs 10000 and you are using only Rs 5000, then you are a very safe customer. If your limit is Rs 10000 and you are not only fully using it, but also seeking further credit, you could be overleveraging yourself and your score could fall.
Payment Defaults: How many past accounts are due, by how many days and by how much? The fewer, the better.
Trade Attributes: How old are your lines of credit and what type are they? Do you have a good mix or is it, say, all credit cards? A history of consistent repayment of various types of credit will improve your score.

Positive Side of Credit Score

A good credit score will indicate the character of the borrower in his financial matters. The following are some of the indicators of good score.

Evidence of financial discipline.
If the borrower has defaulted once or twice due to reasons beyond their control, those would show up as clear aberrations in an overall consistent payment history.
The longer the credit history, the better. The lender’s assessment presumably improves as he gets bigger spans of repayment. One should be judicious about closing old accounts and opening new ones.

Warning Signs In Credit Score

The behavioroul pattern of the borrowers will impact the credit score of the borrowers. The following are some of the signals.

Craving for credit.
Frequent and unnecessary shopping for credit,
Several new accounts or recent requests for loans can be taken as signs of an over- hungry borrower.
The length of credit history is also important. Older accounts are generally better, so you should be judicious about closing old accounts and opening new ones.
Trade attributes – does the customer use a good mix of credit?

Credit Information Companies in India

Presently, four CICs

Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited
Equifax Credit Information Services Private Limited
Experian Credit Information Company of India Private Limited
CRIF High Mark Credit Information Services Private Limited

have been granted Certificate of Registration by RBI. In terms of Section 15 of the Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005 (CICRA), every Credit Institution shall become member of at least one CIC. Further, Section 17 of CICRA stipulates that a CIC may seek and obtain credit information from its members (Credit Institution / CIC) only.

As a result, when a Specified User, as defined in CICRA and Credit Information Companies Regulations, 2006, obtains credit information on a particular borrower/client from a CIC, it gets only such information that has been provided to the CIC by its members.

Factors lending to favourable credit score

On time loan EMI payments.
Regular payment of credit card bills.
Paying credit card bills in full rather than paying minimum due amount every time.
Avoiding over-leveraging
Maintaining strong financial records.
Too Many forms of credit (such as unsecured person loans) among family members.
Proper utilization of approved credit limit.

Factors leading to negative credit score

Too many credit report enquiries by banks and other institutions.
Cheque bounces/dishonours.
Irregular loan repayment.
Defaulting on credit card bills/making late payments or consistent part payements.
Too much unsecured credit such as multiple personal loans.
Multiple applications for unsecured loan getting rejected.
Defaulting as a guarantor.
High utilization of approved credit limit or overshooting the limit.
Errors in record by banks and other finance

Issues in credit scoring

Three common credit problems are:

Lack of enough credit history.
Denied credit application.
Fraud and identity theft.

Mistakes In Credit Scoring

Confusion of Names
Human Input Error
Identity Theft

Troubleshooting Credit Score

We have to accept that there are chances of mistake in arriving of credit score or mistaken identities creating confusion in the scoring process. Errors and inaccuracies are possible with Credit Information Report. The steps for seeking clarifications in your credit report are as follows:

Contact the bank that declined a credit card or loan application on the basis of your poor credit score. Ask them for a clarification on the poor credit score and request them to provide the control number for your credit report.
The bank will provide you with the control number of the credit report and also share the information on the credit report that is responsible for your poor credit score.
Provisions are available in the website of the CICs for resolving disputes.
The control number is a nine-digit unique number that helps to track an individual’s credit report from CIC’s database. The control number is generated when banks pull out your credit report on a requirement basis. The control number is a unique number, which is generated every time any bank or credit institution pulls out a credit report on you.
CIC requires this number because it enables them to view the exact details that the bank has seen when they drew a report on you. Hence, it is important for you to request the bank to provide you the control number.

JAIIB Paper-4 Module-B Unit-3 Credit Scoring PDF – RBWM PDF