English Quiz for RBI ASSISTANT MAINS |21st August English Quiz

21/08/2020

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English Quiz for RBI ASSISTANT MAINS

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Directions (1-5): In the following question a statement is given and four options with possible inferences, you have to choose the best possible option which can be inferred from the statement. If none of the options infer the given paragraph, choose option (e) i.e., “none of these” as your answer choice.

Q1. India’s law governing motor vehicles and transport is archaic, lacking the provisions necessary to manage fast motorization. The lacunae in the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, require to be addressed to improve road safety, ensure orderly use of vehicles and expand public transport.
(a) Road accidents have increased in the past few years due to the hiatus in the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.

(b) Expansion of vehicles have emerged as a real hindrance in the path of the Motor Vehicles Act,1988.

(c)New innovative reforms are required in the laws governing motor vehicles as the already existing reforms fail to address the problem related to the safety of vehicles.
(d) The obsolete laws governing motor vehicles need improvisation to ensure smooth management of expanding transport and in alleviating the road safety.

(e) None of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans.1. (d)

Exp. The correct inference that can be drawn from the paragraph is ‘The obsolete……………………….road safety”. Other choices are either irrelevant in context to the passage or contain contextual errors in them. The paragraph is describing about the old law and provisions necessary to manage the fast-growing vehicles. Therefore, the only option that draws the correct inference is option (d).

Q2. The menace of migratory politics highlighted in the politics of citizens’ registers began in the colonial era when the British attempted to import labor for the plantations. Major displacements like Partition and the Bangladesh war added to a huge “illegal” population.

(a) The politics of citizens’ registers undermines the problem of migratory politics, which is reflected in many instances of history.

(b) The politics of citizens’ registers underlines the problem of migratory politics, refracted through the layered memories of many historical events.

(c) The politics of citizens’ registers heightened the problem of migratory politics, which is seen in various events depicted in the history.

(d) The politics of citizens’ registers sidelined the problem of migratory politics, which is seen in various forms of historical events.

(e) None of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans.2. (b)

Exp. The correct inference that can be drawn from the paragraph is, ‘The politics of citizens’ registers underlines the problem of migratory politics, refracted through the layered memories of many historical events.” The paragraph is describing about the politics of citizens’ registers that has its roots in the colonial era and other historical events. Therefore, the most suitable choice that fits in context to the paragraph is option (b). Other choices are irrelevant in context to the paragraph.

Q3. For years now, the multilateral system for the settlement of trade dispute has been under intense scrutiny and constant criticism. The U.S. has systematically blocked the appointment of new Appellate Body members (“judges”) and de facto impeded the work of the WTO appeal mechanism. With only four working members out of seven normally serving office on July 2018, the institution is under great stress.

(a) The multilateral system responsible for trade dispute has been under constant criticism for quite some time now, the methodical manner of blocking appointment of new members to the body is impeding the working of the dispute mechanism.

(b) The direct system responsible for trade dispute has been appreciated for years now as US blocked the appointment of new Appellate Body members and it eventually staggered the work of WTO appeal mechanism.

(c) The lineal system for trade dispute has been under constant criticism for years which led US to block the appointment of Appellate Body members, ultimately impacting the work of WTO appeal mechanism.

(d) The institution that deals with the settlement of trade disputes is facing great stress as the multi-lateral system has not been under constant criticism.

(e) None of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans.3. (a)

Exp. The correct inference that can be drawn from the paragraph is, ‘(a)” The multilateral system responsible for trade dispute has been under constant criticism for quite some time now, the methodical manner of blocking appointment of new members to the body is impeding the working of the dispute mechanism”. The paragraph is describing about the multidimensional system responsible for resolving trade disputes which is under constant criticism and due to the delay in appointment of new appellate body members the work of the WTO appeal mechanism is getting hampered. Therefore, the most suitable choice that fits in context to the paragraph is option (a). Other choices are irrelevant in context to the paragraph.

Q4. Indians are indignant that US President Donald Trump seeks to curtail the number of H-1B visas, and the scope to work of H-1B visa-holders’ spouses. Indians, on the whole, look askance at the Trump administration’s anti-immigrant policies people.

(a) Curtailing the number of H-1B visas and the scope to work of H-1B visa-holders’ in US has caused a disapproval among the Indians and they disapprove the Trump’s decision.

(b) India should make it easy for anyone born in India or has been resident in India for a reasonable period of time to acquire Indian citizenship.

(d) Elevating the number of H-1B visas and the scope to work of H-1B visa-holders’ in US has caused a disapproval among the Indians and they are angry with the Trump’s decision.

(e) None of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans. 4.(a)

Exp. The correct inference that can be drawn from the paragraph is, (a) Curtailing the number of H-1B visas and the scope to work of H-1B visa-holders’ in US has caused a disapproval among the Indians and they disapprove the Trump’s decision. The paragraph is describing about the disapproval caused among many Indians due to the anti-immigrant policies by Trump. Therefore, the most suitable choice that fits in context to the paragraph is option (a). Other choices are irrelevant in context to the paragraph.

Q5. The slew of changes that have periodically been brought about show that the tax system has stabilized neither in terms of the rate structure nor in categorization of goods and services. There are too many rates now and some rates are still way too high. Rates must be lowered, converged to three to bring down classification disputes, and boost collections. The final GST structure should become stable to achieve a sustained increase in collections.

(a) Multiple reforms have not done anything in stabilizing the tax structure both in term of rate or in categorization of goods and services. There is a need for a stabilized GST structure that promises a sustained increase in tax collections.

(b) Considering the vast number of changes in the GST structure, a need is felt to stabilize the rate structure and categorize the goods and services, further discouraging the tax collections.

(c) The changes brought in by the multiple reforms have stabilized the tax structure both in rate structure and in categorization of goods and services, further encouraging the tax collections.

(d) Rates must be increased to bring the stabilization in tax structure.

(e) None of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans.5. (a)

Exp. The correct inference that can be drawn from the paragraph is, (a) Multiple reforms have not done anything in stabilizing the tax structure both in term of rate or in categorization of goods and services. There is a need for a stabilized GST structure that promises a sustained increase in tax collections. The paragraph is describing about the reforms responsible for resolving trade disputes which is under constant criticism due to the delay in appointment of new appellate body members that delayed the work of the WTO appeal mechanism. Therefore, the most suitable choice that fits in context to the paragraph is option (a). Other choices are irrelevant in context to the paragraph.

Direction (6-7): In each of the given questions an inference is given in bold which is then followed by three paragraphs. You must find the paragraph(s) from where it is inferred. Choose the option with the best possible outcome as your choice.

Q6. Electric vehicles can reduce urban pollution significantly.

[I] Addressing vehicular emissions is within our grasp but requires a multi-pronged approach. It needs to combine the already-proposed tighter emission norms (in form of BS VI), with a push for shared mobility and public transport and adoption of alternate mobility technologies. While shared mobility can moderate the demand for individual vehicle ownership and usage, technology solutions today can allow for a sharp reduction in emissions per vehicle. Government policy will impact adoption that will affect both the extent and the future growth of pollution.

[II] The policy roadmap should encompass three key elements based on global learnings. First, incentives for adoption of alternate mobility technologies. Second, restrictions on elements that contribute negatively to strategic objectives (such as congestion charges on polluting technologies), and last provision of enabling infrastructure.

[III] There is a need to impose restrictions through supply-side regulations on OEMs to increase production of zero emission vehicles to curb urban pollution. Most Western countries adopt enforceable norms that ensure supply of electric vehicles. China has mandated OEMs to produce 10 per cent electric vehicles of their total production. There will, of course, be the need to think about improving the provision of non-polluting public transport. These include electric buses, metros, and shared EV fleets to reduce traffic and usage.

(a) only (II)

(b) only (III)

(d) all (I), (II) and (III)

(e) none of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans.6. (b)

Exp. Read the paragraphs carefully. Among the given paragraphs, only the (III) paragraph concludes the given inference. It is describing about the production of more electric vehicles for private as well as for public transport, to reduce the increasing pollution. However, paragraph (I) has given emphasis on the adoption of alternate mobility technologies. It has also suggested that shared mobility would further help to reduce pollution. While paragraph (II) is suggesting ways that would help in reducing pollution such as presenting incentives, banning polluting technologies and improving infrastructure. It is to be noted that in paragraph (I) and (II) the alternate technology to reduce pollution has not been mentioned whereas, in paragraph (III) the alternate technology of electric vehicles is mentioned. Thus, option (b) becomes the most viable answer choice.

Q7. The banks recapitalization plan is per se not bad but funds must be distributed prudently

(I) With just months to go for the general election, the government looks all set to open the credit taps of the economy. The Centre has sought Parliament’s approval to infuse an additional ₹41,000 crore into public sector banks that are starved of precious capital to remain afloat. More importantly, the infusion will help banks boost lending and stimulate economic activity going into an election year. It is important that the additional capital is not wasted on banks that have not shown any improvement but rather used to support the weak ones that are on the recovery path.

(II) Repo-linked lending rates is one way to ensure that very quick monetary transmissions can take place. In spite of rate cuts or rate changes being made by RBI, banks were finding it increasingly difficult to pass it on because then you have to have a similar kind of movement both on the liability side as well as on the asset side. here was some uncertainty coming up which has been dispelled. The government has talked of deepening of the bond market which is again one of the requirements for NBFCs.
(III) Suffice to say that savings bank customers primarily do not look at interest as their primary notion for keeping a certain amount of deposits with the bank. We continue to open large number of savings bank accounts. So it is the largest savings bank customers who will be affected. Similarly, on the loan side, we have kept cash credit and overdraft short term loans which are above one lakh so that the small businessmen who take loans below one lakh, are not affected by this.

(a) Only [I]

(b) Only [II]

(d) Both [I] & [III]

(e) None of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans.7. (a)

Exp. Here, paragraph (I) completely justifies the given sentence. Hence, option (a) is the right answer choice.

Direction (8-10): In this question a small paragraph is given followed by three possible inferences which may or may not be correct. The question is then followed by five options. You have to choose the option that gives the best possible outcome.

Q8.A team of scientist sounds the alarm in a new Science Policy Forum report about a mysterious US government program that is developing genetically modified viruses that would be dispersed into the environment using insects. The virus-infected or ‘Frankenstein’ insects are being developed as countermeasures against potential natural and engineered threats to the US food supply. The program is operated by the Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) could be viewed as an attempt to develop an entirely new class of bioweapons that would prompt other nations to seek similar weapons, they cautioned.

(i) DARPA developing genetically modified and ‘Frankenstein’ insects would encourage development and production of bioweapons on an increased scale and at a global level.

(ii) The intention behind the development of the ‘Frankenstein’ insects is to have countermeasures against only potential natural threats to the US food supply.

(iii) Frankenstein insects could be used as a bioweapon.

(a) Only (i)

(b) Both (i) and (iii)

(d) Only (iii)

(e) None of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans.8. (b)

Exp. The alternative (ii) is wrong because it is mentioned in the paragraph, through the sentence ‘The virus-infected or ‘Frankenstein’ insects are being developed as countermeasures against potential natural and engineered threats to the US food supply’ that the intention is to have countermeasures against potential natural and engineered threats to the US food supply.

The inferences (i) and (iii) can be derived from the last sentence of the paragraph which is ‘The program operated by the Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) could be viewed as an attempt to develop an entirely new class of bioweapons that would prompt other nations to seek similar weapons, they cautioned.’ The program is ‘developing ‘Frankenstein’ insects,’ and the ‘program is viewed as an attempt to develop an entirely new class of bioweapons’ is mentioned in the last paragraph. Also, it is mentioned that the program would prompt other nations to seek similar weapons. Both alternatives (i) and (iii) are correct.

Hence, the correct answer is the option (b).

Q9. Globally, climate change has started to take a heavy toll. The California fires, the heat wave in Europe and Asia, and the droughts in East Africa bear testimony to this. In India, severe floods and random variations in weather have caused significant loss of life and property. All this has resulted in a flurry of activity with governments springing into action. There is a lot more awareness and intent on show with regular discussions and nations pledging to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions.

(i) The US withdrawing from the Paris agreement is one of the reasons for the increased climate-change related natural calamities.

(ii) Natural Calamities like forest fires, heat waves, etc have increased the awareness on the topic of climate change.

(iii) Regular discussions on climate change has resulted in the decrease of the Greenhouse gas emissions.

(a) Only (i)

(b) Only (ii)

(d) Both (ii) and (iii)

(e) None of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans.9. (b)

Exp. There is no mention of the US withdrawing from the Paris Agreement in the passage. So, nothing can be inferred about it from the given passage. Hence, the alternative (i) is the wrong answer. Neither has there been any mention of any positive effect of regular discussions on climate change. So, the alternative (iii) is also a wrong inference.

The inference (ii) is correct and can be derived from the given passage, specifically from the third sentence ‘All this has resulted in a flurry of activity with governments springing into action’.

Hence, the correct answer is the option (b).

Q10. A peptide from an Australian funnel-web spider, an endangered species, has been found to kill both human melanoma cells and cancerous Tasmania devil facial tumours that are threatening the survival of the humans. The research, started at Brisbane’s QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, also found that the funnel-web compound had almost no negative effects on surrounding healthy cells in either case.

(i) The anti-cancerous compound found inside the Australian funnel-web spider can help humans suffering from life threating diseases.

(ii) The peptide from the Australian funnel-web spider is carcinogenic.

(iii) The blood of the Australian funnel-web spider has the anti-cancerous elements.

(a) Only (i)

(b) Both (ii) and (iii)

(d) Only (iii)

(e) None of these

Answer & Explanation

Ans.10. (a)

Exp. The alternative (i) is correct, and the alternative (ii)and (iii) are wrong. The hint for the answer can be derived from the first sentence of the paragraph. It is clearly mentioned that ‘the peptide found in the Australian funnel-web spider kills both human melanoma cells and cancerous Tasmania devil facial tumours that are threatening the survivals of the humans.’

compound found in the spider. Also, the word ‘can’ is used in the alternative (i). So, the alternative (i) is correct.

From above, we decipher that (i) is correct, and hence, the option (a) is the correct answer.

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