Improve your English with English quiz. English Quiz to help you improve your score for exams like Bank, SSC, Railway, UPSC, UPSSSC, CDS, UPTET, KVS, DSSSB and other Government exams.
Directions (1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The Indian Space Research Organisation has crossed a significant milestone with the successful developmental flight of the country’s heaviest Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, the GSLV Mark-III. This is the first time a satellite weighing over 3.1 tonnes has been launched from India to reach the geostationary orbit about 36,000 km from Earth. The Mk-III can launch satellites weighing up to four tonnes, which almost doubles India’s current launch capacity. With communication satellites becoming heavier (up to six tonnes), the capability for larger payloads is vital. This can be done by switching over to electric propulsion for orbit rising and to keep the satellite in the right position and orientation in the orbit through its lifetime (that is, station keeping). The switch-over would reduce the weight of the vehicle as it can do away with nearly two tonnes of propellants and carry heavier satellites. Towards this end, ISRO has started testing electric propulsion in a small way; the South Asia Satellite (GSAT-9) that was launched last month used electric propulsion for station keeping. On Monday, an indigenously developed lithium-ion battery was used for the first time to power the satellite. Another key achievement is the use of an indigenously developed cryogenic stage, which uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen; the 2010 GSLV launch using an indigenous cryogenic stage ended in failure. It can now be said without hesitation that India belongs to the elite club of countries that have mastered cryogenic technology. In the December 2014 experimental flight of the GSLV Mk-III, a passive cryogenic stage was used. Though the cryogenic stage was not meant to be ignited, the launch provided invaluable data on aerodynamic behaviour of the vehicle.
The Mark-III will be operational with the success of one more developmental flight, which is set to take place within a year. This will make India self-reliant in launching heavier satellites, bringing down costs substantially. Till now, heavier communication satellites have been launched on Europe’s Ariane rockets; in fact, ISRO will soon be using Ariane rockets to launch two of its heavier satellites. But as has been the case with lighter satellites, it is likely that other countries will soon turn to ISRO for the launch of heavier satellites at a lower cost. With fewer propulsion stages and, therefore, control systems, the Mk-III is far more reliable than the GSLV and the PSLV. Combined with its ability to carry eight to 10 tonnes into a low Earth orbit, the Mk-III can be considered for human-rating certification (to transport humans) once some design changes are made. Compared with the two-member crew capacity of the GSLV, the Mk-III can carry three astronauts and have more space to carry out experiments. The next developmental flight, therefore, will be crucial.
Q1. Which of the following features make the newly launched vehicle GSLV Mark-III distinctive?
(I)It is the first time that India has launched a satellite weighing over 3.1 tonnes.
(II)The launching capacity of satellites up to four tones almost doubles the current launch capacity of India.
(III) It is the first time that an indigenously developed lithium-ion battery was used to power the satellite.
(a)Only (I) is correct
(b)Only (II) is correct
(c)Both (I) and (II) are correct
(d)Both (II) and (III) are correct
(e)All are correct
Q2. How, according to the passage, excess load of newly launched satellite vehicle can be mitigated?
(a)By switching over to electric propulsion for orbit-rising and station keeping.
(b)By replacing the heavier equipments by lighter ones.
(c)By using the cryogenic stage which uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
(d)By proper studies of aerodynamic behaviour of the vehicle.
(e)Both (a) and (b)
Q3. Which of the following statements justify the author’s view, “This will make India self-reliant in launching heavier satellites”?
(I)The successful launch of the country’s heaviest Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, the GSLV Mark-III is one of the greatest milestones in the history of ISRO.
(II)ISRO is set to launch yet another developmental flight within a year.
(III) India now belongs to the elite club of countries that have mastered cryogenic technology.
(a)Only (I) is correct
(b)Both (I) and (II) are correct
(c)Both (II) and (III) are correct
(d)Both (I) and (III) are correct
(e)All are correct
Q4. Which of the following statements is false in context of the passage?
(a) The South Asia Satellite (GSAT-9) used electric propulsion for station keeping.
(b) In the December 2014 experimental flight of the GSLV Mk-III, a passive cryogenic stage was used.
(c) ISRO will soon be using Ariane rockets to launch two of its heavier satellites.
(d) The switch-over to electric propulsion would reduce nearly two tonnes of propellants and carry heavier satellites.
(e)All are true.
Q5. How according to the passage Mk-III is more reliable than the GSLV and the PSLV?
(I) The Mk-III can carry three astronauts as compared to GSLV which has two-member crew capacity.
(II)The Mk-III has fewer propulsion stages and control systems than GSLV and PSLV.
(III)The Mk-III has more space to carry out experiments than GSLV and PSLV.
(IV)The Mk-III costs lighter than GSLV and PSLV in terms total production cost.
(a)Both (I) and (II)
(b)Both (II) and (III)
(c)Only (I), (II) and (IV)
(d)Only (I), (II) and (III)
(e)All (I), (II), (III) and (IV)
Directions (6-8): Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in passage.
Q6. Propulsion
(a)Plethora
(b)Impulse
(c)Satiety
(d)Clogging
(e)Revulsion
Q7. Crew
(a)Interior
(b)Crowd
(c)Oodles
(d)Bevy
(e)Laity
Q8. Propellant
(a)Mulligan
(b)Antecedent
(c)Mainspring
(d)Motif
(e)Ardour
Directions (9-10): Choose the word/group of words which is most opposite in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in passage.
Q9. Elite
(a)Patriciate
(b)Gentry
(c)Dregs
(d)Skim
(e)Unusual
Q10. Operational
(a)Viable
(b)Realizable
(c)Virtuous
(d)Expedient
(e)Severed
SOLUTION:
- Ans. (e)
Read the first paragraph carefully, “This is the first time a satellite weighing over 3.1 tonnes has been launched from India to reach the geostationary orbit about 36,000 km from Earth. The Mk-III can launch satellites weighing up to four tonnes, which almost doubles India’s current launch capacity.” and “On Monday, an indigenously developed lithium-ion battery was used for the first time to power the satellite.” Hence all three given features make the newly launched vehicle GSLV Mk-III unique.
- Ans. (a)
Refer the first paragraph, “This can be done by switching over to electric propulsion for orbit rising and to keep the satellite in the right position and orientation in the orbit through its lifetime (that is, station keeping). The switch-over would reduce the weight of the vehicle as it can do away with nearly two tonnes of propellants and carry heavier satellites.” Hence (a) is the correct option in context of the passage.
- Ans. (e)
Read the passage carefully. Refer “It can now be said without hesitation that India belongs to the elite club of countries that have mastered cryogenic technology.” and, “The Mark-III will be operational with the success of one more developmental flight, which is set to take place within a year. This will make India self-reliant in launching heavier satellites, bringing down costs substantially.” Hence all three statements justify the author’s view regarding the development of ISRO.
- Ans. (e)
All the given statements are true in context of the passage.
- Ans. (d)
Refer the last paragraph, “With fewer propulsion stages and, therefore, control systems, the Mk-III …………………………….the Mk-III can carry three astronauts and have more space to carry out experiments.” Hence only statements (I), (II) and (III) are correct in context of the passage.
- Ans. (b)
Propulsion means the action of driving or pushing forwards. Hence ‘impulse’ is the word most similar in meaning to it.
Satiety means the feeling or state of being sated.
Revulsion means a sense of disgust and loathing.
- Ans. (d)
Crew means a group of people who work on and operate a ship, aircraft etc. Bevy means a large group of people or things of a particular kind. Hence both are similar in meanings.
Oodles mean a very great number or amount of something.
Laity means ordinary people, as distinct from professionals or experts.
- Ans. (a)
Propellant means a substance used as a reagent in a rocket engine to provide thrust. Mulligan means something that blows up. Hence both are similar in meanings.
Motif means a dominant or recurring idea in an artistic work.
Ardour means great enthusiasm or passion.
- Ans. (c)
Elite means a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society. Dregs mean the most worthless part or parts of something. Hence both are opposite in meanings.
Patriciate means a noble order or class.
Gentry mean people of good social position, specifically the class of people next below the nobility in position and birth.
- Ans. (e)
Operational means in or ready for use. Severed means put an end to (a connection or relationship); break off. Hence both are opposite in meanings.
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